PDS_VERSION_ID = PDS3 RECORD_TYPE = STREAM OBJECT = TEXT PUBLICATION_DATE = 2010-09-15 INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = ASCII NOTE = "Description file referenced by LOLA JP2 PDS labels" END_OBJECT = TEXT END JPEG2000 Standard - The LOLA GDR data products are stored in the JPEG2000 lossless-compressed format (http://www.jpeg.org/jpeg2000/) as well as PDS IMG format with detached labels. This format allows for geolocation information in addition to the data. Advantages include excellent compression performance, multiple resolution levels from a single image data set, progressive decompression quality layers, lossless and lossy compression (LOLA GDR products use lossless compression per the PDS Standard). These features are achieved by the use of a sophisticated image coding system based on discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) combined with other coding techniques to generate a JPEG2000 codestream that can be rendered to image pixel rasters using inverse transform algorithms. The PDS Standard specifies that a JPEG2000 codestream will be stored in a "JP2" file as described by the JPEG2000 Part 1 standard [1, Appendix I]. This file format encapsulates one or more codestreams plus characterizing metadata in a contiguous sequence of binary data "boxes". The first two boxes of a JP2 file must be Signature and File Type specification boxes that uniquely identify the file as a JP2 file. This must be followed by a JP2 Header box that contains sub-boxes that characterize the Codestream box that follows with information such as the image dimensions, pixel datum precision, compression technique and color space mapping for image display purposes. The JP2 file may also contain additional boxes that contain UUID (universally unique identifier) signatures, URL (uniform resource locator) references, and XML (extended markup language) sequences that can be used as desired by the data provider. Each LOLA JP2 product is associated with a file with the extension [product]PPD_AUX.XML for cylindrical projections at 2^n pixels per degree (PPD) or [product]MPP_AUX.XML for polar projections at nnn meters per pixel (MPP). The file must be renamed to [product]PPD.JP2.AUX.XML to be recognized by some geospatial programs as a raster histogram and scale file. The metadata keywords -3.27680000000000E+04 0 0.5 as well as , , , , and statistics will then be recognized. The JPEG2000 image coding techniques are sensitive to byte ordering (for multi-byte data) and signedness of the image data. LOLA GDR image data are MSB ordered and unsigned. JPEG2000 Software - Part 5 of the JPEG2000 offers reference software implementations of the Part 1 core-coding standard. The JasPer Project provides a C language API and demonstration applications (http://www.ece.uvic.ca/~mdadams/jasper/). JJ2000 (http://jj2000.epfl.ch/) provides pure Java classes. Both of these implementations are employed in two J2K plugins for the Image I/O Tools from Sun Microsystems' Java Advanced imaging (JAI). (http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/imageio/) (http://java.sun.com/javase/technologies/desktop/media/jai/) Dr. David Taubman, one of the principal JPEG2000 standard developers, implemented the Kakadu software. Kakadu offers a full range of application utilities and highly optimized C++ classes (http://www.kakadusoftware.com/). The JP2_Info utility, in the Image_Tools package of the PIRL Java Packages (http://pirlwww.lpl.arizona.edu/software/PIRL_Java_Packages.shtml) provides a detailed report on the contents of a JP2 file.