Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter

Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter

Reduced Data Record and Derived Products

Software Interface Specification

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Version 2.65

December 15, 2015March 11, 2016

SIGNATURE PAGE

Prepared by:

 

 

                                                       _________

Gregory A. Neumann                           Date

LOLA Instrument co-Investigator

GSFC Code 698

 

 

Reviewed by:

 

 

                                                       _________

David E. Smith                                     Date

Principal Investigator, LOLA Instrument

GSFC Code 690.5

 

 

 

 

Approved by:

 

 

                                                       _________

Stanley R. Scott                                    Date

LRO Project Science Data Manager

GSFC Code 451

 

 

Concurred by:

 

 

                                                          _________

Susan Slavney                                       Date

PDS Geosciences Discipline Node

 

                                                         _________ 

Ed Grayzek                                           Date

PDS Program Manager, GSFC Code 690.1

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS


 


1.    Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 1

1.1.     Purpose and Scope............................................................................................................ 1

1.2.     Contents............................................................................................................................ 1

1.3.     Applicable Documents and Constraints............................................................................ 1

1.4.     Configuration Management and Relationships with Other Interfaces............................... 2

2.    Data Product Characteristics and Environment......................................................................... 2

2.1.     Instrument Overview......................................................................................................... 2

2.2.     Data Product Overview..................................................................................................... 6

2.3.     Data Processing................................................................................................................. 8

2.3.1.     Data Processing Levels.............................................................................................. 8

2.3.2.     Data Product Generation............................................................................................ 9

2.3.3.     Data Flow................................................................................................................ 10

2.3.4.     Labeling and Identification...................................................................................... 10

2.4.     Standards Used in Generating Data Products.................................................................. 10

2.4.1.     PDS Standards......................................................................................................... 10

2.4.2.     Time Standards......................................................................................................... 11

2.4.3.     Coordinate Systems.................................................................................................. 11

2.4.4.     Data Storage Conventions........................................................................................ 11

2.5.     Data Validation................................................................................................................ 11

3.     Detailed Data Product Specifications..................................................................................... 12

3.1.     Data Product Structure and Organization........................................................................ 12

3.2.     Data Format Descriptions................................................................................................ 12

3.3.     Label and Header Descriptions....................................................................................... 12

4.     Applicable Software.............................................................................................................. 14

4.1.     Utility Programs.............................................................................................................. 14

4.2.     Applicable PDS Software Tools..................................................................................... 15

4.3.     Software Distribution and Update Procedures................................................................ 15

5.     Appendix............................................................................................................................... 15

5.1.     Contents of the LOLARDR.FMT file............................................................................. 15

5.2.     Contents of the LOLARADR.FMT file.......................................................................... 29

5.3.     Sample LOLA RADR Detached Label.......................................................................... 32

5.4.     Sample LOLA GDR Detached Label............................................................................. 33

5.5.     Sample LOLA SHADR Label........................................................................................ 35

1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1. Purpose and Scope............................................................................................................... 1

1.2. Contents............................................................................................................................... 1

1.3. Applicable Documents and Constraints................................................................................ 1

1.4. Configuration Management and Relationships with Other Interfaces................................... 2

2. Data Product Characteristics and Environment............................................................................ 2

2.1. Instrument Overview............................................................................................................ 2

2.2. Data Product Overview........................................................................................................ 6

2.3. Data Processing.................................................................................................................... 8

2.3.1. Data Processing Levels.............................................................................................. 9

2.3.2. Data Product Generation.......................................................................................... 10

2.3.3. Data Flow................................................................................................................ 10

2.3.4. Labeling and Identification...................................................................................... 10

2.4. Standards Used in Generating Data Products..................................................................... 11

2.4.1. PDS Standards......................................................................................................... 11

2.4.2. Time Standards......................................................................................................... 11

2.4.3. Coordinate Systems.................................................................................................. 11

2.4.4. Data Storage Conventions....................................................................................... 12

2.5. Data Validation................................................................................................................... 12

3. Detailed Data Product Specifications......................................................................................... 12

3.1. Data Product Structure and Organization........................................................................... 12

3.2. Data Format Descriptions................................................................................................... 12

3.3. Label and Header Descriptions.......................................................................................... 13

4. Applicable Software................................................................................................................... 14

4.1. Utility Programs................................................................................................................. 14

4.2. Applicable PDS Software Tools......................................................................................... 15

4.3. Software Distribution and Update Procedures.................................................................... 15

5. Appendix.................................................................................................................................... 16

5.1. Contents of the LOLARDR.FMT file................................................................................ 16

5.2. Contents of the LOLARADR.FMT file............................................................................. 30

5.3. Sample LOLA RADR Detached Label............................................................................. 33

5.4. Sample LOLA GDR Detached Label................................................................................ 34

5.5. Sample LOLA SHADR Label........................................................................................... 38


 


TABLES AND FIGURES



Figure 1: LOLA ground spot pattern sample of four successive shots, with channels numbered. Spacecraft may fly in either +X or -X direction........................................................................................................ 3

Figure 2: LOLA Optical Transceiver Assembly............................................................................... 4

Table 1: LOLA Instrument Technical Details.................................................................................. 5

Table 2: Instrument Modes............................................................................................................... 6

Table 3: Standard Product Sizes and Delivery Rates....................................................................... 8

Table 4: Processing Levels for Science Data Sets............................................................................ 8

Figure 1: LOLA ground spot pattern sample of four successive shots, with channels numbered. Spacecraft may fly in either +X or -X direction........................................................................................................ 3

Figure 2: LOLA Optical Transceiver Assembly............................................................................... 4

Table 1: LOLA Instrument Technical Details................................................................................... 5

Table 2: Instrument Modes............................................................................................................... 6

Table 3: Standard Product Sizes and Delivery Rates........................................................................ 8

Table 4: Processing Levels for Science Data Sets. .......................................................................... 9


DOCUMENT CHANGE LOG

 

Change

Date

Affected Portions

GDR and SHADR descriptions added

8/12/08

1.1, 5.2, 5.3

Changes reflecting updated calibrations

9/22/08

2.1

Added Ed Grayzek to signatures

10/26/08

ii

Figure 1 updated

10/26/08

2.1

Applicable Document versions updated

10/26/08

1.3

NASVIEW added as tool to inspect data.

10/26/08

4.1

Selenocentric replaced with planetocentric

10/26/08

5.1

Relationships to NAIF and LRO-LR explained

10/26/08

2.2

Acronyms for timing added, other removed

10/26/08

5.1

Reviewers suggested edits adopted

10/26/08

various

Replaced coordinate system text with LDWG text

10/26/08

2.2, 2.4.3

Added Resolution Date to TBD table

11/17/08

v

Explained rational for binary tables and reprocessing

11/17/08

2.2, 2.3

Revised Figure 1 based on Post-ship survey

4/28/09

2.1

Spares added for Earth ranges and pulsewidths

6/28/09

Appendices

Solar incidence/phase/nadir/emission angles added

8/28/09

Appendices

Geotiff headers added to JPEG2000 GDR products

8/28/09

 

Edited for readability, updated

03/01/10

Entire document

Correction to LONGITUDE_1 value in LOLARDR.FMT

03/15/11

Appendices

Addition of RADR dataset and related documentation. Updates. – K. Jha

03/09/16

TBD, 2.2, 2.3, 3, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4

 

TBD ITEMS

Section

Description

Resolution Date

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

APD

Avalanche Photo Diode

ASCII

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

CODMAC

Committee on Data Management and Computation

DOE

Diffractive Optic Element

DU

Data Unit on LRO

DVD-ROM

Digital Video Disk - Read-Only Memory

EDR

Experiment Data Record

FSW

Flight Software

GB

Giga Byte

GDR

Gridded Data Record

GSFC

Goddard Space Flight Center

HK

Housekeeping

ICD

Interface Control Document

ISO

International Standards Organization

JPL

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

LOLA

Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter

LR

Laser Ranging

LRO

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter

MB

Mega Byte

MET

Mission Elapsed Time on the LRO spacecraft

MOC

LRO Mission Operations Center, B32, NASA-GSFC

MSB

Most Significant Byte

NASA

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NAIF

Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility of the PDS

PDS

Planetary Data System

PPS

1 Pulse  Per Second signal provided by LRO

RADR

Radiometric Active Data Record

RDR

Reduced Data Record

SC

Spacecraft

SHADR

Spherical Harmonic Analysis Data Record

SIS

Software Interface Specification

SOC

Science Operations Center

STCF

Spacecraft Time Correction Factor

TBD

To Be Determined

UTC

Coordinated Universal Time

GLOSSARY

 

Archive – An archive consists of one or more data sets along with all the documentation and ancillary information needed to understand and use the data. An archive is a logical construct independent of the medium on which it is stored.

Archive Volume, Archive Volume Set – A volume is a unit of media on which data products are stored; for example, one ISO 9660 CD-ROM or DVD-ROM (Applicable Document #3). An archive volume is a volume containing all or part of an archive; that is, data products plus documentation and ancillary files. When an archive spans multiple volumes, they are called an archive volume set. Usually the documentation and some ancillary files are repeated on each volume of the set, so that a single volume can be used alone. 

Catalog Information – Descriptive information about a data set (e.g. mission description, spacecraft description, instrument description), expressed in Object Description Language (ODL) which is suitable for loading into a PDS catalog.

Data Product – A labeled grouping of data resulting from a scientific observation, usually stored in one file. A product label identifies, describes, and defines the structure of the data. An example of a data product is a planetary image, a spectrum table, or a time series table.

Data Set – An accumulation of data products. A data set together with supporting documentation and ancillary files is an archive.

Geotiff, GeoJPEG – an image format used as a container for raster geospatial data formats such as Gridded Data Records, with header information that complies with the Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL) specification.  See www.gdal.org for more information.

Profile – A time-ordered set of altimetry and allied data.

SPICE – An information system maintained by the PDS NAIF Node to assist scientists in planning and interpreting scientific observations from space-based instruments.

Standard Data Product – A data product generated in a predefined way using well-understood procedures, processed in "pipeline" fashion. (Data products that are generated in a nonstandard way are sometimes called special data products.)

 


 


1.           Introduction

1.1.        Purpose and Scope

The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) is producing a high-resolution global topographic model and geodetic framework that enables precise targeting, safe landing, and surface mobility to carry out exploratory activities. LOLA characterizes the polar illumination environment, and images permanently shadowed polar regions of the Moon to identify possible locations of surface ice crystals in shadowed polar craters.

This Software Interface Specification document provides users of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) LOLA Reduced Data Record (RDR), the Gridded Data Record (GDR) and Spherical Harmonic Data Record (SHADR) data products, with a detailed description of the product and how it was generated, including data sources and destinations.

1.2.        Contents

This Data Product SIS describes how the RDR data product is processed, formatted, labeled, and uniquely identified. The document discusses standards used in generating the product and software that may be used to access the product. The data product structure and organization is described in sufficient detail to enable a user to read the product. Finally, an example of a product label is provided.

1.3.        Applicable Documents and Constraints

This SIS is intended to be consistent with the following documents:

1.      Planetary Science Data Dictionary Document, JPL D-7116, Rev. E, August 28, 2002.

2.      Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Project Data Management and Archive Plan, 431-PLAN-00182.

3.      ISO 9660-1988, Information Processing - Volume and File Structure of CD-ROM for Information Exchange, April 15, 1988.

4.      Planetary Data System Archive Preparation Guide, August 29, 2006, Version 1.1, JPL D-31224.

5.      Planetary Data System Standards Reference, March 20, 2006, Version 3.7, JPL D-7669, Part 2.

6.      LRO LOLA Science Team and PDS Geosciences Node ICD, October 9, 2006.

7.      Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Project LOLA Instrument Team Data Management and Archive Plan, April 1, 2007.

8.      LOLA Archive Volume Software Interface Specification, V2, October 26, 2008.

9.      Memorandum of Agreement between the PDS Geosciences Node and the LRO LOLA Data Node, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, and the LRO LOLA Instrument Team, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, October 27, 2006.

10.  A Standardized Lunar Coordinate System for the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, LRO Project White Paper, 451-SCI-000958, Version 3, January 30, 2008.

11.  Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter Experiment Data Record Software Interface Specification (LOLA EDRSIS), V.2, October 26, 2008.

12.  LOLA Calibration Document, Riris, H., J. Cavanaugh, X. Sun, and P. Liiva, Submitted to Applied Optics, 2010.

1.4.        Configuration Management and Relationships with Other Interfaces

The RDR and higher-level products described in this SIS are used in the production of other archived products of the LRO mission. Changes to this specification will require concurrence of the Principal Investigator, the LRO Project Science Data Manager, and the Planetary Data System Geosciences Discipline Node.

 

2.           Data Product Characteristics and Environment

2.1.        Instrument Overview

The LOLA instrument, designed, assembled and tested by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), has two primary objectives. First, to produce a high-resolution global topographic model and geodetic framework that assists with precise targeting, safe landing, and surface mobility for future scientific and exploration activities. Second, to characterize the polar illumination environment and image the Moon’s permanently-shadowed regions (PSRs) in order to identify possible locations of surface ice crystals in shadowed polar craters. To achieve these primary objectives, LOLA will make three science measurements:

 1) the distance between the surface and the spacecraft,

 2) the spreading of the returned laser pulse, and

 3) the transmitted and returned laser energies.

LOLA is a pulse-detection time-of-flight altimeter that incorporates a five-spot pattern to measure the precise distance to the lunar surface at 5 spots simultaneously, thus providing 5 profiles across the lunar surface. Figure 1 shows the spot pattern used, where the dots are the transmitted laser footprints, and solid circles are receiver fields-of-view. LOLA fires at a fixed, 28-Hz rate, so that for a nominal 1600 m/s ground track speed there is one shot approximately every 57 m.  At a nominal 50-km altitude, each spot within the five-spot pattern has a surface diameter of 5 m while each detector field of view has a diameter of 20 m; the surface spread is 25 meters, and the spots form a cross pattern canted by 26 degrees counterclockwise to provide five adjacent profiles.

The 5-spot pattern determines the surface slope in the along-track and across track directions. LOLA’s design is similar to the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) and the Mercury Laser Altimeter (MLA), augmented by a novel diffractive optic element (DOE). LOLA has five independent detectors coupled via fiber optics to the receiver telescope and five receiver channels (1-5). Channel 1 is also fiber-optic-coupled through a dichroic beamsplitter to a Laser Ranging (LR) telescope mounted on the High-Gain Antenna. An R-C filter with a decay time constant of 3.4 ns is applied to the detector output for noise suppression.

 

 

 

Figure 1: LOLA ground spot pattern sample of four successive shots, with channels numbered. Spacecraft may fly in either +X or -X direction.


 

The 5-spot pattern determines the surface slope in the along-track and across track directions. LOLA’s design is similar to the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) and the Mercury Laser Altimeter (MLA), augmented by a novel diffractive optic element (DOE). LOLA has five independent detectors coupled via fiber optics to the receiver telescope and five receiver channels (1-5). Channel 1 is also fiber-optic-coupled through a dichroic beamsplitter to a Laser Ranging (LR) telescope mounted on the High-Gain Antenna. An R-C filter with a decay time constant of 3.4 ns is applied to the detector output for noise suppression.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure 2: LOLA Optical Transceiver Assembly.

 

LOLA's altimetry observations are global. Timing of one-way pulses fired from Earth to the LR are employed to improve navigation and lunar gravity determination. The LOLA instrument is a pulsed laser time-of-flight altimeter, operating continuously during mapping orbit to produce altimetric ranges that are stored on the LRO spacecraft (SC) for playback. Its housekeeping (HK) data are also provided in a realtime data stream and contain information regarding the flight software status and the Laser Ranging signals from Earth stations.

The instrument hardware consists of laser transmitters, receivers, and passive radiator subsystems mounted in an Optical Transceiver Assembly (Figure 1), together with a Power Converter Assembly and Digital Unit mounted in the Main Electronics Box. There are two redundant lasers  coupled to the transmit optics, selectable by software command. Transmit and receive pulses are measured with independent leading and trailing edge times using ACAM TDC-S1 chips designed for space docking applications (offset by a 5 MHz coarse count.) Energy is monitored via a gated charge-time measurement circuit with digitizer. The instrument is co-boresighted with the LRO Cameras on the spacecraft +Z optical bench. The main technical details regarding the instrument are given in Table 1.

Table 1: LOLA Instrument Technical Details.

Item

Measure

Comment

Mass

13.2 kg

(at Critical Design Review 7/06)

Power

33.5 W

(average)

Data rate

27 kbps

3424 Bytes, 1 packet per second

Lasers

2 (1 cold spare)

Cr:Nd:YAG cross-Porro resonator, TEM00, TEC cooled

Wavelength

1064.3±0.1 nm

 

Diode bars

2

60 A, 140-160 μs pump, with passive Cr4+:YAG Q-switch

Pulses

28 Hz, 2.7±0.3 mJ

5.6 ns FWHM

Thermal

passive radiator

Laser operating range: 5°C to 35°C

Detectors

5 Si-APDs

preamp bandwidth 100 Mhz, followed by R-C 3.4 ns filter

Quantum Efficiency

0.4

@1064 nm

Detector noise

0.05 pW/Hz1/2

Noise equivalent power

Optics

Receiver

Transmitter after 18x Beam Expander and DOE

Objective

Sapphire

BK7G18/fused silica DOE

Obj. diameter

14 cm

3.24 cm

Obj. area

0.015 m2

8.245 cm2

Transmission

>70%

>95%

Effective F. L.

50.0 cm

16.2 cm

F.O.V. 1/e2

400 μrad

100 μrad, separation between adjacent beams is 500 μrad

Fiber Optic

200 μm, 0.22NA

LR is a 7x400um core, 0.22NA, step-index, 1.28mm bundle

Bandpass filter

dichroic beamsplitter 

Δλ=0.7nm, λ=1064.45 nm; LR λ =532.15 nm, Δλ= 0.3 nm 

Instrument modes (Table 2) are controlled by ground command. Independent of these modes, the Flight Software (FSW) may be active or commanded to a reset state. The digital unit outputs data directly to the SC over the 1553 bus in either case. Thresholds, gains, and range gates are normally controlled by the FSW algorithm. The algorithm seeks to maximize the probability of detection within a range window under varying background noise conditions, by utilizing hardware noise counters in a fashion similar to that employed on the MOLA and MLA instruments. There are two separate range windows within the LOLA timing electronics, one for the Earth-based LR pulses, and a second variable lunar range window that only allows triggers during the interval of time when the FSW return histograms predict surface returns. Since only one lunar return is recorded, a separate counter records the number of events within each range window. To accommodate the large dynamic range of lunar return strength, a variable gain amplifier is implemented in hardware prior to the discriminator input. The gain is set according to tables of gain vs. lunar range, one for each detector. Earth laser ranges are recorded by detector 1 during the 8 ms preceding each laser fire, using the same threshold and gain settings as for lunar ranges. Owing to higher background Earth counts, especially during New Moon phases, the detector 1 thresholds are higher than those of the detector 2-5 channels.

Table 2: Instrument Modes.

Mode

Telemetry

Laser

Detector

Measurement

HK, Science

Firing enabled, 28Hz trigger

Active-LR and lunar return

Standby 2

HK, Science

Firing enabled, capacitors charged

Active-LR and noise

Standby 1

HK, Science

Laser TEC active

Active-LR and noise

Off

Analog temps

Survival heaters enabled

Inactive

 

2.2.        Data Product Overview

The LOLA RDR data product consists of time-of-flight ranges to the lunar surface and ancillary data that have been located in a geodetic coordinate frame about the center of mass of the Moon. This planetocentric coordinate frame is described further as the Mean-Earth/polar Axis convention in section 2.4.3 and Applicable Document 10. The EDR data product is the source of the measurement data. After range calibration and orbital processing, the range to each laser spot is located on the surface using the spacecraft trajectory, attitude history, and a lunar orientation model in order to produce an altimetric datum. The range profiles are organized into an RDR product containing calibrated, geolocated pulse returns, radii and energies; and higher-level gridded and transformed data products.

The RDR data product is a binary table with fixed-length records. The binary table is in a PDS standard format that can be stored, managed and reprocessed efficiently without loss of precision.  It can be converted to the equivalent engineering and scientific units for import into analysis software by standard formatted output specifications (see Section 4). This choice also maximizes flexibility for users who may wish to handle only selected data values, or who may wish to import them into geographically-organized databases. Record columns consist of uniform-length, 4-byte integer values, stored in Least-Significant Byte (LSB_INTEGER) order that may be converted to Most-Significant Byte (MSB_INTEGER) order by a single global transformation. Both UNSIGNED and SIGNED INTEGER  types are employed.

The RDR product is used to generate derived data products (RADR, GDR, SHADR) that are binned, resampled, and transformed. The RADR product is time-ordered, calibrated and geolocated active radiometry derived from the RDR product using data gathered during the Nominal Mission phases.  RADR files are archived as asciiASCII tables with detached labels, organized by LOLA mission phase. 

The primary GDR products are map-projected digital elevation models and related products. Additional GDR products include gridded albedo, slope and roughness maps.  Albedo (RADR) products are derived from nominal mission data only, and are further limited – not every return with valid altimetry has a corresponding albedo value, as the energy measurement quality depends on both the laser return and the solar incidence angle.  Low data density results in some 'streakiness' seen in the gridded albedo products.

Digital elevation models  are transformed into spherical harmonic expansions to produce the SHADR products. Much of the processing of the RDR product may be used to reconstruct and improve the geometric information regarding the spacecraft position, attitude, and clock history. The improved geometry will be archived in the SPICE format through the PDS Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility (NAIF) Node.

Much of this improvement is anticipated to result from the Laser Ranging Experiments on board LRO, for which data are returned through the LOLA instrument. This investigation is separate from that of the altimeter but is intimately coupled. The Laser Ranging data are originated by ground stations under the auspices of the LRO Project and are collated with Earth returns in the LOLA data stream by the LOLA SOC.  They are provided to the Flight Dynamics Facility and to the participating stations of the International Laser Ranging Service by the Crustal Dynamics Data Information Service at GSFC. Derived LR products will not be included in this archive.

The LRO SC stores LOLA science data in a file on the SC data recorder in a subdirectory called “SSR/LOLA/”.  Prior to powering on the instrument, the SC opens the data file and writes the LRO standard file header data. As new data frames are read over the 1553 bus, the SC writes them to the file without modification. The SC closes the file, open a new file, and writes another LRO standard file header when commanded to do so by the ground controllers (this will nominally be scheduled to occur once per lunar orbit at ascending equator crossings, roughly 6,785 seconds apart). Files are always closed on a packet boundary so that packets are not divided between files. During the daily downlink tracking passes these files are transmitted from the SC to the LRO Ground Data System and are pushed by the LRO Mission Operations Center (MOC) to the LOLA Science Operations Center (SOC) computer. Each  file is then processed in a pipeline at the SOC.

The orbital period of the LRO spacecraft varies somewhat with mission phase, and is approximately 112-114 minutes in duration. The orbit duration will determine the precise number of RDR files, but they will not exceed 13 per day. The geolocation processing cycle will aggregate the data records into daily batches in order to facilitate analysis. The LRO Project uses an orbital numbering convention whereby the orbit number increments from 0 to 1 on the first ascending node after completion of the LOI-1 lunar insertion maneuver, and increments by 1 on every ascending node after that. Table 3 summarizes expected sizes and production rates for the Reduced Data and Derived products.

Table 3: Standard Product Sizes and Delivery Rates

Product

Product Size

Production Rate per Day, average

Expected Number of Products for Primary Mission (366 days)

Expected Total Data Volume for Primary Mission

LOLA_RDR

~50 MB

same

4670

225 GB

LOLA_RADR

<10 MB

Same as LOLA_RDR

4162

27 GB

LOLA_GDR

<2 GB

monthly revisions of ~100 data products

100

200 GB

LOLA SHADR

<5 MB

release at ~quarterly intervals

4

<1 GB

 

2.3.        Data Processing

The pipeline data processing begins by generating an EDR product with a detached PDS label, in one-to-one correspondence with the files generated by the instrument on the LRO spacecraft, corrected for transmission errors, gaps and duplicates where possible. The format of the files is identical to that on the spacecraft. LOLA operates continuously, generating one 3,424-byte record each second, with an associated 12-byte telemetry header. The telemetry header information is captured in a detached "PDS3" version ASCII label. During tracking passes, the instrument housekeeping portion of the telemetry is transmitted via a real-time connection for use by the LR ground system, but is not archived since it is duplicated in the EDR product. The aggregate data rate is approximately 300 MB per day.

The EDR products are geolocated using preliminary and definitive orbits produced by the LRO Flight Dynamics Facility in order to determine approximate nodal crossing times. The Data Records are then aggregated by orbit number and geolocated into the RDR products using precision orbit reconstructions and calibration algorithms. Each 1-Hz record of the EDR corresponds to 28 laser shots and produces 28 records in the RDR. Instrument engineering values such as algorithm status, detector status (noise counts, temperatures, etc.) from the EDR are not included in the RDR records.

2.3.1.   Data Processing Levels

Table 4 gives descriptions of Committee on Data Management and Computation (CODMAC) product levels.

Table 4: Processing Levels for Science Data Sets.

NASA

CODMAC

Description

Packet data

Raw – Level 1

Telemetry data stream as received at the ground station, with science and engineering data embedded.

Level 0

Edited – Level 2

Instrument science data (e.g., raw voltages, counts) at full resolution, time ordered, with duplicates and transmission errors removed.

Level 1A

Calibrated - Level 3

Level 0 data that have been located in space and may have been transformed (e.g., calibrated, rearranged) in a reversible manner and packaged with needed ancillary and auxiliary data (e.g., radiances with the calibration equations applied).

Level 1B

Resampled - Level 4

Irreversibly transformed (e.g., resampled, remapped, calibrated) values of the instrument measurements (e.g., radiances, magnetic field strength).

Level 1C

Derived- Level 5

Level 1A or 1B data that have been resampled and mapped onto uniform space-time grids. The data are calibrated (i.e., radiometrically corrected) and may have additional corrections applied (e.g., terrain correction).

Level 2

Derived - Level 5

Geophysical parameters, generally derived from Level 1 data, and located in space and time commensurate with instrument location, pointing, and sampling.

Level 3

Derived - Level 5

Geophysical parameters mapped onto uniform space-time grids.

This document is intended to provide enough information to enable planetary scientists to read and understand the format and content of the higher-level LOLA Archive. The specifications in this document apply to all LOLA standard product archive volumes that are generated by the LRO Project. The RDR data product contains the time-ordered LOLA measurement data in reduced, calibrated and geolocated form, one record per laser shot. The altimetric and related measurements generate the GDR and SHADR data products. The GDR data products contain the binned, interpolated altimetric measurements, as well as albedo, roughness, and surface slope both in cylindrical and polar projections. The SHADR products contain the spherical harmonic expansions of the lunar shape.

For geological characterisation, topography is referenced to a non-spherical datum, such as an ellipsoid of revolution, or in the case of Earth, a geoid.  The lunar potential derived from satellites provides the equivalent datum for the Moon, referred to as the planetopotential reference surface.

The EDR product is CODMAC level 2 (Table 4), consisting of raw counts, edited to correct transmission errors and eliminate duplicates. In order to be useful for measurement and geological investigations, the data must be classified to determine whether individual laser shots are valid pulses and produce ground returns above the background noise level of detection. These data must be calibrated to engineering and physical units, and located in a center-of-mass coordinate system. The RDR and RADR data products are CODMAC level 3. Binned and interpolated data on a uniformly-spaced grid (GDR) comprise the CODMAC level 4 data products, while transformed spherical harmonic coefficients (SHADR) comprise CODMAC level 5.

2.3.2.   Data Product Generation

All data products at CODMAC level 2 and higher are generated by the LOLA SOC. Raw data are not subject to decompression, as the full instrument output counts are stored in the telemetry packets. Following EDR generation, software algorithms perform calibration, geolocation, and editing to eliminate noise. Calibration consists of conversion of raw counts into laser time-of-flight ranges, pulse widths, and energies, using tables and algorithms based on ground test data. Editing consists of generating data quality flags for each laser pulse return, to distinguish between probable lunar returns and noise triggers, and to flag anomalous measurements. Algorithms and ancillary data used in the RDR processing are described in the LOLA Instrument Calibration Document, Applicable Document #12 (sec. 1.3).

During the primary mission, the LRO spacecraft performs propulsive orbital adjustment maneuvers at monthly intervals. These maneuvers terminated the dynamical orbital solutions and provided a natural breakpoint for altimetric reprocessing. Multiple versions of the RDR and some higher-level products are generated based on a monthly reprocessing and validation step, as orbit knowledge improves and refined crossover adjustments are performed. Each new version of the data products replaces all of the older products and supersedes all previous versions in the electronic archive, and is identified as such in the PRODUCT_VERSION_ID fields of the PDS labels. This approach of periodic reprocessing is in accordance with the cumulative improvement in coverage density and orbital knowledge inherent to laser altimetric missions.

2.3.3.   Data Flow

Data are pushed directly from the LRO MOC through the GSFC Internet backbone to the LOLA SOC, where processing occurs. The LOLA SOC serves as a Data Node of the PDS. Data products and catalogs are made available to the PDS via a Query Server connection as well as by other electronic means. Sizes and volumes of all the data products generated over the course of the primary mission are given in Table 3. The data products cover variable time spans according to their processing level. A monthly reprocessing cycle is applied to all CODMAC Level 3 and higher products, following which new versions of current and previous products are redelivered to the Data Node. At 3-month intervals as specified in the Data Management and Archive Plan (Applicable Document 2), validated releases of a cumulative archive will be made. It is anticipated that only the current version of data products will be maintained after the specified releases.

2.3.4.   Labeling and Identification

The data set IDs provided by the PDS for the LOLA RDR and higher level data products are:

"LRO-L-LOLA-3-RDR-V1.0", “LRO-L-LOLA-3-RADR-V1.0”, "LRO-L-LOLA-4-GDR-V1.0", and "LRO-L-LOLA-5-SHADR-V1.0".

The file naming convention for LOLA RDR files is:

LOLARDR_YYDDDHHMM.DAT

, in parallel with the EDR product. The LOLA RADR files are similarly named, with a TAB extension corresponding to an asciiASCII table. PDS detached labels with a suffix of “.LBL” provide information about processing and calibration version. Details about label and header formats are specified in section 6. Labels are subject to revision after monthly reprocessing, but the product filenames will not be modified.

2.4.        Standards Used in Generating Data Products

2.4.1.   PDS Standards

LOLA data products comply with PDS standards for file formats and labels, as described in the PDS Standards Reference, Applicable Document 5 (sec. 1.3).

2.4.2.   Time Standards

All time tags are derived from the LRO internal clock, whose performance is monitored by the Pr­oject. The PDS labels for LOLA products use keywords denoting time values, such as start time, stop time, start spacecraft clock count, and stop spacecraft clock count. Each time value standard is defined according to the PDS keyword definitions. Project-supplied conversions from Mission Elapsed Time (MET) to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) include a Spacecraft Time Correction Factor that is included in the nominal time values. Geolocation software is based rigorously on Barycentric Dynamical Time, a convention that is realized through Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT) and orbital theories. The supplied MET-UTC conversions are specified to be accurate within 3 ms, during which time the SC ground track travels approximately 5 meters, or one laser spot diameter. Laser Ranging and orbital analysis are used to reconstruct the observation time to a significantly higher level of accuracy, which is recorded in the RDR data product both in MET seconds and TDT seconds from the J2000 epoch.

2.4.3.   Coordinate Systems

Spatial information is applied in conversion of laser altimetric bounce points from inertial coordinates to lunar body-fixed coordinates about the center of mass of the Moon, or planetocentric coordinates. The LRO project adopts the Mean-Earth/polar axis convention, LRO data use lunar planetocentric/body-fixed coordinates and east-positive longitude from 0 to 360 degrees. 

The ME reference system is used for all LRO archival data. This LRO standard is documented in Applicable Document 10 (sec. 1.3). Using coordinates in the ME system is consistent with recommendations from the International Astronomical Union (IAU)/International Association of Geodesy (IAG) Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements, as implemented by the LRO Data Working Group (LDWG).

The NAIF node of the PDS provides the necessary lunar ephemeris file (SPK) and binary lunar orientation file (PCK) in a Principal Axes (PA) reference frame for use with the SPICE Toolkit.  NAIF also provides the frames kernel (FK) used for accessing the PA orientation in the PCK and for transforming from the PA frame to the ME frame.

2.4.4.   Data Storage Conventions

The least-significant-byte (LSB) byte order is adopted for archival purposes, consistent with native i386 (PC) storage. Architecture-specific dependencies in the RDR product are mitigated through adoption of a consistent integer byte order and uniform 4-byte word size, with the exception of the last six columns containing solar and Earth information, which are half-words. During intermediate processing, MSB or LSB byte order native to the processing computer may be employed.

2.5.        Data Validation

Data validation shall be applied to data products by the LOLA Measurement Team to ensure that their contents and format are free of errors and comply with PDS archive standards (Applicable Document 5). For the RDR product this consists of a combined orbit-determination and crossover residual analysis. The RDR and higher-level products will be re-released at approximately monthly intervals after such analysis is completed.

3.           Detailed Data Product Specifications

The LOLA RDR data products are stored as fixed-length, fixed-format binary tables. The LOLA RADR data products are formatted asciiASCII tables. The detached PDS labels for LOLA RDRs and RADRs are stored as ASCII text in fixed-length records terminated by an ASCII carriage-return and line-feed pair. The product labels  point to the corresponding data files, and contain pointers to format files. The GDR data products are stored as binary images and as JPEG-2000 files with GeoTIFFtiff headers, where appropriate. The SHADR data products are Comma-Separated Value (CSV) ASCII text files with attached labels.

3.1.        Data Product Structure and Organization

The DATA/LOLA_RDR and DATA/LOLA_RADR directories have subdirectories for each monthly orbital maneuver cycle named LRO_PP_NN, where PP refers to the first two letters of mission phase (CO = Commissioning, NO = Nominal, SM = Science Mission, ESX = Extended Science Mission), and NN is refers to the current monthly orbital cycle, ending with Station Keeping Maneuvers, starting with 01. Typical file paths are therefore 

 /DATA/LOLA_RDR/LRO_PP_NN/LOLARDR_YYDDDHHMM.DAT and

/DATA/LOLA_RAaDR/LRO_PP_NN/LOLARDR_YYDDDHHMM.DAT,

where YYDDDHHMM is the time of the ascending node crossing. The orbit numbering convention may also be used for special products. Orbit number is determined by the MOC, incrementing at each ascending equator crossing.

The LOLA_GDR directory has subdirectories for JPEG2000 and IMG files.  The LOLA_SHADR directory has no subdirectories.

3.2.        Data Format Descriptions

The LOLA RDR table format description is given in Appendix 1. The RDR format file is “LOLARDR.FMT”. This column definition file is stored in the /LABEL directory of the LOLA  archive. The GDR and SHADR formats are contained in their respective labels.

3.3.        Label and Header Descriptions

An example of a detached PDS RDR label follows. The SOURCE_PRODUCT_ID contains information regarding the raw datasets and geometry processed for a given version. The PRODUCT_VERSION_TYPE contains the instrument range calibration, energy calibration, pulse spreading calibration, background illumination calibration (radiometry from noise counts), gravity model, and reprocessing level. The INSTRUMENT_MODE_ID is relevant to the slight offset in alignment of the two redundant lasers, for geolocation, and the timing source for firing. The LRO:STCF_FILE_NAME contains an offset from spacecraft clock counts to Coordinated Universal Time relative to January 1, 2001, 0 hours. The remainder of the parameters are generic and need not be described in detail. Sample PDS RADR, GDR and SHADR labels are given in Appendices.

 

PDS_VERSION_ID                 = "PDS3"                                      

                                                                             

/*** FILE FORMAT ***/                                                        

FILE_NAME                      = "LOLARDR_092000107.DAT"                     

FILE_RECORDS                   = 200480                                      

RECORD_TYPE                    = FIXED_LENGTH                                

RECORD_BYTES                   = 256                                         

                                                                             

/*** GENERAL DATA DESCRIPTION PARAMETERS ***/                                

PRODUCT_ID                     = "LOLARDR_092000107_DAT"                     

PRODUCT_VERSION_ID             = "V1.01"                                     

PRODUCT_CREATION_TIME          = 2009-08-29T20:28:10                         

PRODUCT_TYPE                   = "RDR"                                        

STANDARD_DATA_PRODUCT_ID       = "DATA"                                      

SOFTWARE_NAME                  = "LOLA_RDR"                                  

SOFTWARE_VERSION_ID            = "2.45"                                       

SOURCE_PRODUCT_ID             = {"LOLAEDR092000107.DAT", "jgl150q1.sha"}     

SPICE_FILE_NAME                = {                                           

               "moon_pa_de421_1900-2050.bpc",                                

               "moon_080317.tf",                                             

               "moon_assoc_me.tf",                                           

               "naif0009.tls",                                               

               "de421.bsp",                                                  

               "lro_frames.tf",                                              

               "lro_sclk.tsc",                                               

               "fdf29_2009199_2009200_n01.bsp",                              

               "fdf29_2009200_2009201_n01.bsp",                              

               "fdf29_2009201_2009202_n01.bsp",                              

               "moc42_2009199_2009200_v01.bc",                                

               "moc42_2009200_2009201_v01.bc",                               

               "moc42_2009201_2009202_v01.bc"}                              

COORDINATE_SYSTEM_NAME         = "MEAN EARTH/POLAR AXIS OF DE421"             

INSTRUMENT_HOST_NAME           = "LUNAR RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER"              

INSTRUMENT_NAME                = "LUNAR ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER"             

INSTRUMENT_ID                  = "LOLA"                                      

DATA_SET_ID                    = "LRO-L-LOLA-3-RDR-V1.0"                     

DATA_SET_NAME                  = "LRO MOON LASER ALTIMETER 3 RDR V1.0"       

MISSION_PHASE_NAME             = "COMMISSIONING"                             

TARGET_NAME                    = "MOON"                                      

PRODUCER_ID                    = LRO_LOLA_TEAM                               

PRODUCER_FULL_NAME             = "DAVID E. SMITH"                            

PRODUCER_INSTITUTION_NAME      = "GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER"               

PRODUCT_RELEASE_DATE           = 2009-10-06                                  

ORBIT_NUMBER                   = 295                                         

START_TIME                     = 2009-07-19T01:07:12.928                      

STOP_TIME                      = 2009-07-19T03:06:31.929                     

SPACECRAFT_CLOCK_START_COUNT   = "2628408"                                   

SPACECRAFT_CLOCK_STOP_COUNT    = "2635567"                                   

INSTRUMENT_MODE_ID            = {"SC_B",                                     

         "LASER_2 ",                                                         

         "ENABLED",                                                          

         "FIRING",                                                            

         "GAINS_DIS",                                                      

         "THRESHOLDS_FSW",                                                   

         "RGATES_FSW",                                                        

         "SWINPUTS_FSW"}                                                     

FILE_NAME                      = "LOLARDR_092000107.DAT"                     

                                                                              

^TABLE                         = "LOLARDR_092000107.DAT"                     

OBJECT                         = TABLE                                       

  COLUMNS                       = 60                                         

  INTERCHANGE_FORMAT            = BINARY                                     

  ROW_BYTES                     = 256                                        

  ROWS                         = 200480                                      

  DESCRIPTION                   = "                                          

     This product contains time-ordered, calibrated, geolocated data         

     reduced by the LRO Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) Science         

     Operations Center at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Orbit and        

     geometry data describing the observations has been supplied by the      

     LRO Flight Dynamics Facility and the LOLA Science Team.                 

     The complete column definitions are contained in a structure file       

     LOLARDR.FMT. Additional details are contained in the RDR SIS document." 

     ^STRUCTURE  = "LOLARDR.FMT"                                             

END_OBJECT                     = TABLE                                        

END                                                                      

4.           Applicable Software

Signed and unsigned four-byte integers represent the RDR data values with sufficient precision to avoid roundoff errors. Because the LOLA RDR data products are formatted as binary tables, they must be read by software that understands PDS table formats and can manipulate byte-order-dependent fields. The primary access to the data product is through the table definitions herein described. Software to read and format the data into ASCII text will be maintained by the LOLA Team for commonly used platforms. The PDS Geosciences Node will maintain the most current versions of software for download by users through the Internet, along with the data. The general public may also access the data through geographically-based queries to databases.

4.1.        Utility Programs

A stand-alone utility 'rdr2csv' converts an RDR into a 28-Hz, CSV text file. It is linked with the NAIF SPICE library and requires a table of leap seconds (naif0009.tls). The CSV file may contain up to 200,000 records and may not be supported as a single table by legacy spreadsheet software. Another utility 'rdr2table' will output each valid detector measurement to an ASCII table, with various selection options. Calibrations for energy, surface reflectivity, pulsewidth, and so forth are applied in these programs. They are written in FORTRAN-77 and C and may be easily modified.

For example, to create a spreadsheet table with header:

rdr2csv LOLARDR_100322338.DAT > LOLARDR_100322338.csv

To output  height from all 5 detector spots as a table with header:

rdr2table LOLARDR_100322338.DAT a h | head -7

  SCLK_LOLA        alt_km id longitudeE  latitudeN  range_km   energy noise     thrs   gain   flg   reflect  pulsewd

         0.000     -1.3782 1  21.887972   0.188501    42.772   0.3771     3  31.3713  50.2106   0   0.18274    22.15

         0.000     -1.3801 2  21.888284   0.187860    42.773   0.2321     7  28.7125  49.8681   0   0.13246    19.14

         0.000     -1.3799 3  21.887322   0.188194    42.774   0.2630     7  28.6896  49.9720   0   0.15510    16.72

         0.000     -1.3759 4  21.887647   0.189134    42.770   0.2852     5  25.5802  49.2268   0   0.11895    16.88

         0.000     -1.3763 5  21.888602   0.188800    42.769   0.3402     4  30.1136  50.1560   0   0.15275    19.65

         0.036     -1.3712 1  21.887913   0.190412    42.765   0.4207     3  31.3713  50.2106   0   0.21893    21.84

         0.036     -1.3731 2  21.888225   0.189772    42.766   0.2124     9  28.7125  49.8681   0   0.11168    18.66

To output  geopotential topography on detectors 3 and 4:

rdr2table  LOLARDR_100322338.DAT g 3 4 |head -2

         0.000     -1.3981 3  21.887322   0.188194    42.774   0.2630     7  28.6896  49.9720   0   0.15510    16.72

         0.000     -1.3941 4  21.887647   0.189134    42.770   0.2852     5  25.5802  49.2268   0   0.11895    16.88

To output  spacecraft position/attitude, flagged returns, and transmit energy/pulsewidth:

rdr2table  LOLARDR_100322338.DAT 0 h f | head -2

  SCLK_LOLA        sc_alt  0   sc_longE    sclat_N  offnadir emission  ifrm   solinc  solphs  ngrd   xenrg   xplse

         0.000     41.3700 0  21.934303   0.187423     1.882   1.9280     0  55.3735  57.3015   5   2.67470     8.79

         0.036     41.3701 0  21.934281   0.189339     1.885   1.9309     1  55.3735  57.3044   5   2.63386     8.90

Faster binary output is generated by rdr2xyz <RDRFILE> <OUTFILEROOT.xyz> <options>.

4.2.        Applicable PDS Software Tools

The PDS-D query software is available to extract metadata from catalogs and download specific data products from a web browser. Software tools are also being developed by the PDS Geosciences Node such as Orbital Data Explorer. NASAVIEW, a generic software reader for PDS-formatted files, can be also be used to inspect the binary RDR data files but is not fully supported on all operating systems.

4.3.        Software Distribution and Update Procedures

Software to read the binary tables and output CSV and other tables is provided as source code and stand-alone executable binaries, maintained by the LOLA Team, and distributed by the PDS. Current platforms supported are Intel and PowerPC MacOS X, Linux, and SunOS Sparc. Software will be ported to non-Unix-like systems as time permits. Updates will be made available at the PDS Geosciences Node.

5.           Appendix

5.1.        Contents of the LOLARDR.FMT file

 

/***************************************************************************/

/* LOLARDR.FMT v. 26 October 2008 with edits 26 March 2009 and May 2009    */

/* Version 2 adds range gate, earth range and pw. 26 June 2009             */

/* Version 2.4 replaces gates w/emission/offnadir/solinc/solphs 26 Aug 2009*/

/* Earth range, Pulse width, energy are packed into the last two spares.   */

/* Version 2.42 puts no_pointing_found into bit 7 of flag 02 Oct 2009      */

/* Each record represents one 28-Hz LOLA minor frame with 5 spots.         */

/* A complete description of the calibrations and algorithms               */

/* is given in RIRISETAL2009, Calibration Document for the LOLA instrument.*/

/* The record length is currently set to 256 bytes, with 16 spare bytes    */

/* Definition of T0:                                                       */

/* Shot reference time, the clock tick starting each 28-Hz minor frame     */

/* relative to the 1 pulse-per-second signal provided by the LRO clock     */

/* Version 2.42 defines enhanced manual editing flags 14 October 200       */

/* 1/26/2010 adds DATA_TYPE and MISSING_CONSTANT for unsigned integers     */

/***************************************************************************/

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 1

 BYTES              = 4

 START_BYTE         = 1

 NAME               = MET_SECONDS

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_INTEGER

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = -1

 DESCRIPTION        = "LRO Data Unit (DU) mission elapsed time (MET)

   passed to LOLA at the LRO 1 PPS (one pulse per second) tick."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 2

 BYTES              = 4

 START_BYTE         = 5

 NAME               = SUBSECONDS

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 DESCRIPTION        = "Laser fire time as fractional seconds of

   MET time, roughly 9.4872 ms after the shot reference time T0.

   If no fire is detected, set to T0, the 28-Hz minor frame start."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 3

 BYTES              = 8

 ITEMS              = 2

 ITEM_BYTES         = 4

 START_BYTE         = 9

 NAME               = TRANSMIT_TIME

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 DESCRIPTION        = "Laser fire time in Terrestrial Dynamical Time

   (TDT, aka TT) at the LRO spacecraft, in seconds from the J2000 epoch.

   The LRO Project counts time from 2001-01-01T00:00:00, thus a constant

   offset of 365*86400 + 43200 has been added to match J2000.

   TDT is the independent argument of apparent geocentric ephemerides.

   TDB, barycentric coordinate time, varies from TDT only by periodic

   variations. TDT is related to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)

   through International Atomic Time (TAI) and leap seconds.

   TDT = TAI + 32.184 seconds.

   TAI = UTC + leap seconds (34 seconds in 2009).

   Time is stored as an integer number of seconds

   and a 32-bit fractional number of seconds, as two unsigned values."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 4

 BYTES              = 4

 NAME               = LASER_ENERGY

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_INTEGER

 UNIT               = 'NANOJOULES'

 START_BYTE         = 17

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = -1

 DESCRIPTION        = "Laser transmit energy."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 5

 BYTES              = 4

 NAME               = TRANSMIT_WIDTH

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_INTEGER

 UNIT               = 'PICOSECONDS'

 START_BYTE         = 21

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = -1

 DESCRIPTION        = "Laser transmit pulse width."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 6

 BYTES              = 4

 NAME               = SC_LONGITUDE

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_INTEGER

 UNIT               = 'DEGREES * (10**7)'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = -2147483648

 START_BYTE         = 25

 DESCRIPTION        = "Spacecraft Center-of-Mass position in Moon-fixed

   coordinates of longitude in the range -180 to 180 degrees."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 7

 BYTES              = 4

 NAME               = SC_LATITUDE

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_INTEGER

 UNIT               = 'DEGREES * (10**7)'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = -2147483648

 START_BYTE         = 29

 DESCRIPTION        = "Spacecraft Center-of-Mass position in Moon-fixed

   coordinates of latitude, in the range -90 to 90 degrees."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 8

 BYTES              = 4

 START_BYTE         = 33

 NAME               = SC_RADIUS

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 UNIT               = 'MILLIMETERS'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = 4294967295

 DESCRIPTION        = "Spacecraft Center-of-Mass position in Moon-centered

   radial coordinates."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 9

 BYTES              = 4

 START_BYTE         = 37

 NAME               = SELENOID_RADIUS

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = 4294967295

 UNIT               = 'MILLIMETERS'

 DESCRIPTION        = "Equipotential radius (geoid) at Spot 1,

   relative to an equipotential surface whose mean equatorial radius is

   1737.4 kilometers."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

/* The science shot structure 5x10 fields */

/* Spot 1, the center spot */

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 10

 NAME               = LONGITUDE_1

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_INTEGER

 BYTES              = 4

 START_BYTE         = 41

 UNIT               = 'DEGREES * (10**7)'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = -2147483648

 DESCRIPTION        = "The planetocentric longitude of the spot 1 centroid,

   in the range -180 to 180 degrees. Negative values should be adjusted by

   adding 360 degrees to conform with LRO conventions."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 11

 NAME               = LATITUDE_1

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 45

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'DEGREES * (10**7)'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = -2147483648

 DESCRIPTION        = "The planetocentric latitude of the spot 1 centroid,

   in the range -90 to 90 degrees."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 12

 NAME               = RADIUS_1

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 49

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'MILLIMETERS'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = -1

 DESCRIPTION        = "The distance from the Moon center to the

  Spot 1 centroid."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 13

 NAME               = RANGE_1

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 53

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'MILLIMETERS'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = 4294967295

 DESCRIPTION        = "LOLA 2-way range (c/2 times time-of-flight)

  to the spot 1 centroid."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 14

 NAME               = PULSE_1

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 57

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'PICOSECOND'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = -1

 DESCRIPTION        = "Pulse width of spot 1 return at THRESHOLD_1."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 15

 NAME               = ENERGY_1

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 61

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'ZEPTOJOULES'

 DESCRIPTION        = "Received Energy of detected return."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 16

 NAME               = BACKGROUND_1

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 65

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'PICOWATTS'

 DESCRIPTION        = "Background noise power at detector 1 using the

   noise counter interval, minus the Earth and lunar events, accounting

   for glitches resulting from the energy measurement, as calibrated by

   the receiver noise model."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 17

 NAME               = THRESHOLD_1

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 69

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'NANOVOLTS'

 DESCRIPTION        = "Threshold at detector 1."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 18

 NAME               = GAIN_1

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 73

 BYTES              = 4

 DESCRIPTION        = "Gain at detector 1 scaled by 1.E6."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 19

 NAME               = SHOT_FLAG_1

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 77

 BYTES              = 4

 DESCRIPTION        = "Describes the probability that spot 1 is a lunar range

   and its associated quality using flags in the least significant byte. Any

   values other than 0 should be regarded as an invalid measurement.

   Abbreviations: TX = transmitted pulse; RX = received pulse

   bit 0 = ground/not ground

   bit 1 = TX LeadingEdge

   bit 2 = TX TrailingEdge

   bit 3 = RX LeadingEdge

   bit 4 = RX TrailingEdge

   bit 5 = TX energy invalid

   bit 6 = automatic edit flag

   bit 7 = Pointing not found from spacecraft C-Kernel

 

  The next most significant byte gives the Range Measurement Unit (RMU)

   phase status for TX and RX:

   bit 8 = RMU Phase of receive channel, A=0, B=1 (unflipped)

   bit 9 = RMU Phase of transmit pulse, A=0, B=1 (unflipped)

   bit 10= TDC chip status invalid, rare but serious

   bit 11= set to 1 if signal NOT acquired by FSW on last packet

   bits 12-15 are reserved for manual editing and give reasons bit 0 is set

    These are not always recorded by the manual editing software.

   bit 12= failed n-sigma edit criteria on altitude

   bit 13= failed slope edit criteria

   bit 14= just bad

   bit 15= weird

  The succeeding two bytes represent an unsigned 16-bit value.

  Bits 16-31 may be used as a relative indicator of range uncertainty."

 

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

/* Spot 2 */

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 20

 NAME               = LONGITUDE_2

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 81

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'DEGREES * (10**7)'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = -2147483648

 DESCRIPTION        = "The planetocentric longitude of the spot 2 centroid,

   in the range -180 to 180 degrees. Negative values should be adjusted by

   adding 360 degrees to conform with LRO conventions."

 

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 21

 NAME               = LATITUDE_2

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 85

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'DEGREES * (10**7)'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = -2147483648

 DESCRIPTION        = "The planetocentric latitude of the spot 2 centroid."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 22

 NAME               = RADIUS_2

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 89

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'MILLIMETERS'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = -1

 DESCRIPTION        = "The distance from the Moon center to the

  Spot 2 centroid."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 23

 NAME               = RANGE_2

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 93

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'MILLIMETERS'

 DESCRIPTION        = "LOLA range to the spot 2 centroid."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 24

 NAME               = PULSE_2

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 97

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'PICOSECOND'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = -1

 DESCRIPTION        = "Pulse width of spot 2 return at THRESHOLD_2."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 25

 NAME               = ENERGY_2

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 101

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'ZEPTOJOULES'

 DESCRIPTION        = "Received Energy of detected return."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 26

 NAME               = BACKGROUND_2

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 105

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'PICOWATTS'

 DESCRIPTION        = "Background noise power at detector 2."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 27

 NAME               = THRESHOLD_2

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 109

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'NANOVOLTS'

 DESCRIPTION        = "Threshold at detector 2."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 28

 NAME               = GAIN_2

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 113

 BYTES              = 4

 DESCRIPTION        = "Gain at detector 2 scaled by 1.E6."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 29

 NAME               = SHOT_FLAG_2

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 117

 BYTES              = 4

 DESCRIPTION        = "Describes the probability that spot 2 is a lunar range

  and its associated quality as in SHOT_FLAG_1."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

/* Spot 3 */

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 30

 NAME               = LONGITUDE_3

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 121

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'DEGREES * (10**7)'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = -2147483648

 DESCRIPTION        = "The planetocentric longitude of the spot 3 centroid,

   in the range -180 to 180 degrees. Negative values should be adjusted by

   adding 360 degrees to conform with LRO conventions."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 31

 NAME               = LATITUDE_3

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 125

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'DEGREES * (10**7)'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = -2147483648

 DESCRIPTION        = "The planetocentric latitude of the spot 3 centroid."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 32

 NAME               = RADIUS_3

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 129

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'MILLIMETERS'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = -1

 DESCRIPTION        = "The distance from the Moon center to the

  Spot 3 centroid."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 33

 NAME               = RANGE_3

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 133

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'MILLIMETERS'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = -1

 DESCRIPTION        = "LOLA range to the spot 3 centroid."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 34

 NAME               = PULSE_3

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 137

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'PICOSECOND'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = -1

 DESCRIPTION        = "Pulse width of spot 3 return at THRESHOLD_3."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 35

 NAME               = ENERGY_3

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 141

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'ZEPTOJOULES'

 DESCRIPTION        = "Received Energy of detected return 3."

fEND_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 36

 NAME               = BACKGROUND_3

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 145

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'PICOWATTS'

 DESCRIPTION        = "Background noise power at detector 3."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 37

 NAME               = THRESHOLD_3

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 149

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'NANOVOLTS'

 DESCRIPTION        = "Threshold at detector 3."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 38

 NAME               = GAIN_3

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 153

 BYTES              = 4

 DESCRIPTION        = "Gain at detector 3 scaled by 1.E6."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 39

 NAME               = SHOT_FLAG_3

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 157

 BYTES              = 4

 DESCRIPTION        = "Describes the probability that spot 3 is a lunar range

  and its associated quality as in SHOT_FLAG_1."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

/* Spot 4 */

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 40

 NAME               = LONGITUDE_4

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 161

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'DEGREES * (10**7)'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = -2147483648

 DESCRIPTION        = "The planetocentric longitude of the spot 4 centroid,

   in the range -180 to 180 degrees. Negative values should be adjusted by

   adding 360 degrees to conform with LRO conventions."

 

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 41

 NAME               = LATITUDE_4

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 165

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'DEGREES * (10**7)'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = -2147483648

 DESCRIPTION        = "The planetocentric latitude of the spot 4 centroid."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 42

 NAME               = RADIUS_4

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 169

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'MILLIMETERS'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = -1

 DESCRIPTION        = "The distance from the Moon center to the

  Spot 4 centroid."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 43

 NAME               = RANGE_4

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 173

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'MILLIMETERS'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = 4294967295

 DESCRIPTION        = "LOLA range to the spot 4 centroid."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 44

 NAME               = PULSE_4

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 177

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'PICOSECOND'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = -1

 DESCRIPTION        = "Pulse width of spot 4 return at THRESHOLD_4."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 45

 NAME               = ENERGY_4

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 181

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'ZEPTOJOULES'

 DESCRIPTION        = "Received Energy of detected return 4."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 46

 NAME               = BACKGROUND_4

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 185

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'PICOWATTS'

 DESCRIPTION        = "Background noise power at detector 4."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 47

 NAME               = THRESHOLD_4

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 189

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'NANOVOLTS'

 DESCRIPTION        = "Threshold at detector 4."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 48

 NAME               = GAIN_4

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 193

 BYTES              = 4

 DESCRIPTION        = "Gain at detector 4 scaled by 1.E6."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 49

 NAME               = SHOT_FLAG_4

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 197

 BYTES              = 4

 DESCRIPTION        = "Describes the probability that spot 4 is a lunar range

  and its associated quality as in SHOT_FLAG_1."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

/* Spot 5 */

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 50

 NAME               = LONGITUDE_5

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 201

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'DEGREES * (10**7)'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = -2147483648

 DESCRIPTION        = "The planetocentric longitude of the spot 5 centroid,

   in the range -180 to 180 degrees. Negative values should be adjusted by

   adding 360 degrees to conform with LRO conventions."

 

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 51

 NAME               = LATITUDE_5

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 205

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'DEGREES * (10**7)'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = -2147483648

 DESCRIPTION        = "The planetocentric latitude of the spot 5 centroid."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 52

 NAME               = RADIUS_5

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 209

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'MILLIMETERS'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = -1

 DESCRIPTION        = "The distance from the Moon center to the

  Spot 5 centroid."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 53

 NAME               = RANGE_5

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 213

 BYTES              = 4

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = 4294967295

 UNIT               = 'MILLIMETERS'

 DESCRIPTION        = "LOLA range to the spot 5 centroid."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 54

 NAME               = PULSE_5

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 217

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'PICOSECOND'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = -1

 DESCRIPTION        = "Pulse width of spot 5 return at THRESHOLD_5."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 55

 NAME               = ENERGY_5

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 221

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'ZEPTOJOULES'

 DESCRIPTION        = "Received Energy of detected return 5."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 56

 NAME               = BACKGROUND_5

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 225

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'PICOWATTS'

 DESCRIPTION        = "Background noise power at detector 5."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 57

 NAME               = THRESHOLD_5

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 229

 BYTES              = 4

 UNIT               = 'NANOVOLTS'

 DESCRIPTION        = "Threshold at detector 5."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 58

 NAME               = GAIN_5

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 233

 BYTES              = 4

 DESCRIPTION        = "Gain at detector 5 scaled by 1.E6."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 59

 NAME               = SHOT_FLAG_5

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 237

 BYTES              = 4

 DESCRIPTION        = "Describes the probability that spot 5 is a lunar range

   and its associated quality as in SHOT_FLAG_1."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

/* pack things into four bytes using short integers */

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 60

 BYTES              = 2

 NAME               = OFFNADIR_ANGLE

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 241

 UNIT               = 'RADIANS * 20,000'

 DESCRIPTION        = "Angle from nadir to detector 1 boresight."

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = 65535

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 61

 BYTES              = 2

 NAME               = EMISSION_ANGLE

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 243

 UNIT               = 'RADIANS * 20,000'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = 65535

 DESCRIPTION        = "Angle from vertical to detector 1."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 62

 BYTES              = 2

 NAME               = SOLAR_INCIDENCE

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 245

 UNIT               = 'RADIANS * 20,000'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = 65535

 DESCRIPTION        = "Angle from vertical to Sun."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 63

 BYTES              = 2

 NAME               = SOLAR_PHASE

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 247

 UNIT               = 'RADIANS * 20,000'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = 65535

 DESCRIPTION        = "Angle from detector 1 boresight to Sun."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 64

 BYTES              = 4

 NAME               = EARTH_RANGE

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 START_BYTE         = 249

 DESCRIPTION        = "Time from T0 to Earth return as 32-bit fraction."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 65

 BYTES              = 2

 NAME               = EARTH_PULSE

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 UNIT               = 'PICOSECOND'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = 65535

 START_BYTE         = 253

 DESCRIPTION        = "Pulse width of Earth return. Short ground pulses

  typically do not exceed 32 ns, but values should be read as unsigned."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

OBJECT              = COLUMN

 COLUMN_NUMBER      = 66

 BYTES              = 2

 NAME               = EARTH_ENERGY

 DATA_TYPE          = LSB_UNSIGNED_INTEGER

 UNIT               = 'ATTOJOULE'

 MISSING_CONSTANT   = 65535

 START_BYTE         = 255

 DESCRIPTION        = "Energy of Earth return. Energy saturates at ~3 fJ."

END_OBJECT          = COLUMN

 

5.2.        Contents of the LOLARADR.FMT file

/***************************************************************************/

/*   LOLA_RADR.FMT v1                                                      */

/*                    3 September 2015 Kopal Jha                           */

/***************************************************************************/

OBJECT        = COLUMN

   NAME           = LATITUDE

   COLUMN_NUMBER  = 1

   BYTES          = 10

   DATA_TYPE      = ASCII_REAL

   START_BYTE     = 1

   FORMAT         = "F10.6"

   UNIT           = "DEGREE"

   DESCRIPTION    = "The planetocentric latitude of the laser spot

     producing a trigger on a given channel."

END_OBJECT    = COLUMN

 

OBJECT        = COLUMN

   NAME           = LONGITUDE

   COLUMN_NUMBER  = 2

   BYTES          = 10

   DATA_TYPE      = ASCII_REAL

   START_BYTE     = 12

   FORMAT         = "F10.6"

   UNIT           = "DEGREE"

   DESCRIPTION    = "The planetocentric longitude of the laser spot

     producing a trigger on a given channel."

END_OBJECT    = COLUMN

 

OBJECT        = COLUMN

   NAME           = NORMAL_ALBEDO

   COLUMN_NUMBER  = 3

   BYTES          = 8

   DATA_TYPE      = ASCII_REAL

   START_BYTE     = 23

   FORMAT         = "F8.6"

   DESCRIPTION    = "The geometric albedo of the Moon at zero phase angle

   relative to Lambertian at 1064 nm wavelength, calculated using measurements

   from the LOLA Reduced Data Record (RDR) version 1.0 for the 13 months of

   the nominal mission phase (LRO_NO_01 to LRO_NO_13), using the method

   described in Lemelin et al. (2015)."

END_OBJECT    = COLUMN

 

OBJECT        = COLUMN

   NAME           = TERRESTRIAL_DYNAMIC_TIME

   COLUMN_NUMBER  = 4

   BYTES          = 19

   DATA_TYPE      = ASCII_REAL

   START_BYTE     = 32

   FORMAT         = "F19.9"

   UNIT           = "SECOND"

   DESCRIPTION    = "Measurement time in Terrestrial Dynamical Time

   (TDT, aka TT) at the LRO spacecraft, in seconds from the J2000 epoch.

   TDT is the independent argument of apparent geocentric ephemerides.

   TDB, barycentric coordinate time, varies from TDT only by periodic

   variations. TDT is related to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)

   through International Atomic Time (TAI) and leap seconds.

   TDT = TAI + 32.184 seconds."

END_OBJECT    = COLUMN

 

OBJECT        = COLUMN

   NAME           = LASER_USED

   COLUMN_NUMBER  = 5

   BYTES          = 1

   START_BYTE     = 52

   DATA_TYPE      = ASCII_INTEGER

   FORMAT         = "I1"

   DESCRIPTION    = "Laser 1 or Laser 2; the laser currently firing."

END_OBJECT    = COLUMN

 

OBJECT        = COLUMN

   NAME           = DETECTOR_ID

   COLUMN_NUMBER  = 6

   BYTES          = 1

   DATA_TYPE      = ASCII_INTEGER

   FORMAT         = "I1"

   START_BYTE     = 54

   DESCRIPTION    = "Receiver ID for ground or noise trigger -

                     value range from 1-5."

END_OBJECT    = COLUMN

 

OBJECT        = COLUMN

   NAME           = REFLECTANCE

   COLUMN_NUMBER  = 7

   BYTES          = 8

   DATA_TYPE      = ASCII_REAL

   START_BYTE     = 56

   FORMAT         = "F8.6"

   DESCRIPTION    = "Fraction of incident laser energy reflected at the

   surface."

END_OBJECT    = COLUMN

 

OBJECT        = COLUMN

   NAME           = RECEIVED_ENERGY

   COLUMN_NUMBER  = 8

   BYTES          = 8

   DATA_TYPE      = ASCII_REAL

   START_BYTE     = 65

   UNIT           = "zJ"

   FORMAT         = "F8.6"

   DESCRIPTION    = "Measure of reflected energy received from the ground."

END_OBJECT    = COLUMN

 

OBJECT        = COLUMN

   NAME           = TRANSMIT_ENERGY

   COLUMN_NUMBER  = 9

   BYTES          = 8

   DATA_TYPE      = ASCII_REAL

   UNIT           = "mJ"

   START_BYTE     = 74

   FORMAT         = "F8.6"

   DESCRIPTION    = "Energy of laser pulse fired."

END_OBJECT    = COLUMN

 

OBJECT        = COLUMN

   NAME           = RANGE

   COLUMN_NUMBER  = 10

   BYTES          = 7

   DATA_TYPE      = ASCII_REAL

   START_BYTE     = 83

   UNIT           = "KM"

   FORMAT         = "F7.3"

   DESCRIPTION    = "Range from spacecraft center of mass

        to bounce point, in km."

END_OBJECT    = COLUMN

 

OBJECT        = COLUMN

   NAME           = SOLAR_INCIDENCE_ANGLE

   COLUMN_NUMBER  = 11

   BYTES          = 6

   DATA_TYPE      = ASCII_REAL

   START_BYTE     = 91

   FORMAT         = "F6.3"

   DESCRIPTION    = "Angle between incoming solar radiation and the local

   surface horizontal vector at the bounce point."

END_OBJECT    = COLUMN

 

OBJECT        = COLUMN

   NAME           = OFF_NADIR_ANGLE

   COLUMN_NUMBER  = 12

   BYTES          = 6

   DATA_TYPE      = ASCII_REAL

   START_BYTE     = 98

   UNIT           = "DEGREE"

   FORMAT         = "F6.3"

   DESCRIPTION    = "The angle between the laser path and the nadir direction

   at the spacecraft."

END_OBJECT    = COLUMN

 

OBJECT        = COLUMN

   NAME           = DROPOFF_FIT

   COLUMN_NUMBER  = 13

   BYTES          = 8

   DATA_TYPE      = ASCII_REAL

   START_BYTE     = 105

   DESCRIPTION    = "Value for this shot/detector of the sigmoidal logistic

   function that best describes the loss of received energy during the current

   orbit. Such a loss typically occurs in the polar regions due to a temporary

   misalignment of the LOLA laser transmitter telescope due to the changing

   thermal load from the Moon. The fit function is different for each orbit

   and was used to remove biases in the reflectance data in order to obtain a

   calibrated normal albedo (given in column #3)."

END_OBJECT    = COLUMN

5.3.        Sample LOLA RADR Detached Label

PDS_VERSION_ID                = "PDS3"

/*** FILE FORMAT ***/

FILE_RECORDS                 = 52424

RECORD_TYPE                  = FIXED_LENGTH

RECORD_BYTES                 = 114

/*** GENERAL DATA DESCRIPTION PARAMETERS ***/

PRODUCT_ID                     = "LOLARADR_092582345"

PRODUCT_VERSION_ID             = "V1"

PRODUCT_CREATION_TIME          = 2016-03-07T16:30:24

PRODUCT_TYPE                   = "RADR"

STANDARD_DATA_PRODUCT_ID       = "LOLA_DATA"

SOURCE_PRODUCT_ID              = "LOLARDR_092582345.DAT"

POSITIVE_LONGITUDE_DIRECTION   = EAST

INSTRUMENT_HOST_NAME           = "LUNAR RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER"

INSTRUMENT_NAME                = "LUNAR ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER"

INSTRUMENT_ID                  = "LOLA"

DATA_SET_ID                    = "LRO-L-LOLA-3-RADR-V1.0"

DATA_SET_NAME                  = "LRO MOON LASER ALTIMETER 3 RADR V1.0"

MISSION_PHASE_NAME             = "NOMINAL MISSION"

COORDINATE_SYSTEM_NAME         = "MEAN EARTH/POLAR AXIS OF DE421"

TARGET_NAME                    = "MOON"

PRODUCER_ID                    = LRO_LOLA_TEAM

PRODUCER_FULL_NAME             = "DAVID E. SMITH"

PRODUCER_INSTITUTION_NAME      = "GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER"

PRODUCT_RELEASE_DATE           = 2015-12-15

ORBIT_NUMBER                   = 1006                                        

START_TIME                     = 2009-09-15T23:45:56.298                      

STOP_TIME                      = 2009-09-16T01:39:05.298                     

SPACECRAFT_CLOCK_START_COUNT   = "7721131"                                   

SPACECRAFT_CLOCK_STOP_COUNT    = "7727920"    

INSTRUMENT_MODE_ID            = {"SC_B",

         "LASER_1 ",

         "ENABLED",

         "FIRING",

           "GAINS_DIS",

         "THRESHOLDS_FSW",

         "RGATES_FSW",

         "SWINPUTS_FSW"}

^TABLE                         = "LOLARADR_092582345.TAB"

OBJECT                         = TABLE

  COLUMNS                      = 13

  INTERCHANGE_FORMAT           = ASCII

  ROW_BYTES                    = 114

  ROWS                         = 52424

  DESCRIPTION                  = "

    This product contains time-ordered, calibrated, geolocated

    active radiometric data of the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA)."

  ^STRUCTURE  = "LOLARADR.FMT"

END_OBJECT                     = TABLE

END

 

5.4.        Sample LOLA GDR Detached Label

 

PDS_VERSION_ID            = "PDS3"

/*** GENERAL DATA DESCRIPTION PARAMETERS ***/

PRODUCT_VERSION_ID        = "V2.0"

DATA_SET_ID               = "LRO-L-LOLA-4-GDR-V1.0"

PRODUCT_ID                = "LDEM_64"

INSTRUMENT_HOST_NAME      = "LUNAR RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER"

INSTRUMENT_NAME           = "LUNAR ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER"

INSTRUMENT_ID             = "LOLA"

MISSION_PHASE_NAME        = {"COMMISSIONING","NOMINAL MISSION","SCIENCE

                            MISSION","EXTENDED SCIENCE MISSION"}

TARGET_NAME               = MOON

START_TIME                = 2009-07-13T17:33:17

STOP_TIME                 = 2014-06-10T00:10:56

PRODUCT_CREATION_TIME     = 2014-09-15T00:00:00

PRODUCER_ID               = LRO_LOLA_TEAM

PRODUCER_FULL_NAME        = "DAVID E. SMITH"

PRODUCER_INSTITUTION_NAME = "GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER"

DESCRIPTION               = "This data product is a shape map (radius)

   of the Moon at a resolution of 473.802 m/pix by 473.802 m/pix,

   based on altimetry data acquired through mission phase LRO_ES_21

   by the LOLA instrument. Preliminary LOLA data used for the generation of

   previous GDR products is replaced by data geolocated using precision

   orbits based on a revised lunar gravity field GRGM 900C[LEMOINEETAL2014].

  

   The ground tracks were interpolated using the Generic

   Mapping Tools programs 'surface' and 'grdblend'.  The map is in

   the form of a binary table with one row for each

   0.015625 degrees of latitude, pixel registered.  Map values

   are relative to a radius of 1737.4 km.

 

   This label describes an IMG file in the form of a binary resampling

   to pixel registration."

 

OBJECT                    = UNCOMPRESSED_FILE

FILE_NAME                 = "LDEM_64.IMG"

RECORD_TYPE               = FIXED_LENGTH

FILE_RECORDS              = 11520

RECORD_BYTES              = 46080

^IMAGE                    = "LDEM_64.IMG"

 

  OBJECT                  = IMAGE

    NAME                  = HEIGHT

    DESCRIPTION           = "Each sample represents height relative to a

      reference radius (OFFSET) and is generated using preliminary LOLA data

      produced by the LOLA team."

    LINES                 = 11520

    LINE_SAMPLES          = 23040

    MAXIMUM               = 21545

    MINIMUM               = -18250

    SAMPLE_TYPE           = LSB_INTEGER

    SAMPLE_BITS           = 16

    UNIT                  = METER

    SCALING_FACTOR        = 0.5

    OFFSET                = 1737400.

 

/* NOTE:                                                                   */

/* Conversion from Digital Number to HEIGHT, i.e. elevation in meters, is: */

/* HEIGHT = (DN * SCALING_FACTOR).                                         */

/* The conversion from Digital Number to PLANETARY_RADIUS in meters is:    */

/* PLANETARY_RADIUS = (DN * SCALING_FACTOR) + OFFSET                       */

/* where OFFSET is the radius of a reference sphere.                       */

/* The planetopotential TOPOGRAPHY is PLANETARY_RADIUS - GEOID_RADIUS,     */

/* where GEOID_RADIUS is derived from a gravitational equipotential model. */

/* By convention, the average GEOID_RADIUS at the equator is OFFSET.       */

 

  END_OBJECT              = IMAGE

END_OBJECT                = UNCOMPRESSED_FILE

OBJECT                    = IMAGE_MAP_PROJECTION

 ^DATA_SET_MAP_PROJECTION     = "DSMAP.CAT"

 MAP_PROJECTION_TYPE          = "SIMPLE CYLINDRICAL"

 MAP_RESOLUTION               = 64 <pix/deg>

 A_AXIS_RADIUS                = 1737.4 <km>

 B_AXIS_RADIUS                = 1737.4 <km>

 C_AXIS_RADIUS                = 1737.4 <km>

 FIRST_STANDARD_PARALLEL      = 'N/A'

 SECOND_STANDARD_PARALLEL     = 'N/A'

 POSITIVE_LONGITUDE_DIRECTION = "EAST"

 CENTER_LATITUDE              = 0 <deg>

 CENTER_LONGITUDE             = 180 <deg>

 REFERENCE_LATITUDE           = 'N/A'

 REFERENCE_LONGITUDE          = 'N/A'

 LINE_FIRST_PIXEL             = 1

 LINE_LAST_PIXEL              = 11520

 SAMPLE_FIRST_PIXEL           = 1

 SAMPLE_LAST_PIXEL            = 23040

 MAP_PROJECTION_ROTATION      = 0.0

 MAP_SCALE                    = 473.802 <m/pix>

 MAXIMUM_LATITUDE             = 90 <deg>

 MINIMUM_LATITUDE             = -90 <deg>

 WESTERNMOST_LONGITUDE        = 0 <deg>

 EASTERNMOST_LONGITUDE        = 360 <deg>

 LINE_PROJECTION_OFFSET       = 5759.5 <pix>

 SAMPLE_PROJECTION_OFFSET     = 11519.5 <pix>

 COORDINATE_SYSTEM_TYPE       = "BODY-FIXED ROTATING"

 COORDINATE_SYSTEM_NAME       = "MEAN EARTH/POLAR AXIS OF DE421"

END_OBJECT                    = IMAGE_MAP_PROJECTION

END

5.5.        Sample LOLA SHADR Label

PDS_VERSION_ID             = PDS3                                          

RECORD_TYPE                = FIXED_LENGTH                                   

RECORD_BYTES               = 122                                           

FILE_RECORDS               = 4185                                          

^SHADR_HEADER_TABLE        = ("LGM2009A.SHA",1)                            

^SHADR_COEFFICIENTS_TABLE  = ("LGM2009A.SHA",3)  

/*** GENERAL DATA DESCRIPTION PARAMETERS ***/

PRODUCT_ID                 = "LOLASHADR_2009A"

PRODUCT_VERSION_ID         = "V1"

PRODUCT_CREATION_TIME      = 2008-11-04T12:00:00

PRODUCT_TYPE               = "SHADR"

STANDARD_DATA_PRODUCT_ID   = "DATA"

SOFTWARE_NAME              = "LOLA_SHADR"

SOFTWARE_VERSION_ID        = "1.0"

COORDINATE_SYSTEM_NAME     = "MEAN EARTH/POLAR AXIS OF DE421"

INSTRUMENT_HOST_NAME       = "LUNAR RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER"               

INSTRUMENT_NAME            = "LUNAR ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER"             

INSTRUMENT_ID              = "LOLA"                                      

DATA_SET_ID                = "LRO-L-LOLA-5-SHADR-V1.0"                     

DATA_SET_NAME              = "LRO MOON LASER ALTIMETER 5 SHADR V1.0"                     

MISSION_PHASE_NAME         = "COMMISSIONING"                             

TARGET_NAME                = "MOON"                                      

PRODUCER_ID                = LRO_LOLA_TEAM

PRODUCER_FULL_NAME         = "DAVID E. SMITH"

PRODUCER_INSTITUTION_NAME  = "GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER"

PRODUCT_RELEASE_DATE       = 2008-11-04                        

OBSERVATION_TYPE           = "GRAVITY FIELD"                                                                                                                                           

DESCRIPTION                = "                                             

  This file contains coefficients and related data for a spherical            

  harmonic model of the lunar gravity field."

 

OBJECT                     = SHADR_HEADER_TABLE                                    

ROWS                       = 1                                               

COLUMNS                    = 8                                               

ROW_BYTES                  = 137                                             

ROW_SUFFIX_BYTES           = 107                                             

INTERCHANGE_FORMAT         = ASCII                                           

DESCRIPTION                = "The SHADR header includes descriptive          

 information about the spherical harmonic coefficients which follow          

 in SHADR_COEFFICIENTS_TABLE.  The header consists of a single record        

 of eight (delimited) data columns requiring 137 bytes, a pad of 105         

 unspecified ASCII characters, an ASCII carriage-return, and an ASCII        

 line-feed."                                                                  

                                                                             

  OBJECT                   = COLUMN                                          

    NAME                         = "REFERENCE RADIUS"                         

    DATA_TYPE                    = ASCII_REAL                                

    START_BYTE                   = 1                                         

    BYTES                        = 23                                        

    FORMAT                       = "E23.16"                                  

    UNIT                         = "KILOMETER"                               

    DESCRIPTION                  = "The assumed reference radius of          

     the spherical planet."                                                   

  END_OBJECT               = COLUMN                                          

                                                                             

  OBJECT                   = COLUMN                                          

    NAME                         = "CONSTANT"                                

    DATA_TYPE                    = ASCII_REAL                                

    START_BYTE                   = 25                                        

    BYTES                        = 23                                        

    FORMAT                       = "E23.16"                                  

    UNIT                         = "N/A"                                     

    DESCRIPTION                  = "For a gravity field model the            

     assumed gravitational constant GM in km cubed per seconds               

     squared for the planet.  For a topography model, set to 1."             

  END_OBJECT               = COLUMN                                          

                                                                             

  OBJECT                   = COLUMN                                           

    NAME                         = "UNCERTAINTY IN CONSTANT"                 

    DATA_TYPE                    = ASCII_REAL                                

    START_BYTE                   = 49                                         

    BYTES                        = 23                                        

    FORMAT                       = "E23.16"                                  

    UNIT                         = "N/A"                                     

    DESCRIPTION                  = "For a gravity field model the            

     uncertainty in the gravitational constant GM in km cubed per            

     seconds squared for the planet (or, set to 0 if not known).             

     For a topography model, set to 0."                                      

  END_OBJECT               = COLUMN                                          

                                                                             

  OBJECT                   = COLUMN                                           

    NAME                         = "DEGREE OF FIELD"                         

    DATA_TYPE                    = ASCII_INTEGER                             

    START_BYTE                   = 73                                         

    BYTES                        = 5                                         

    FORMAT                       = "I5"                                      

    UNIT                         = "N/A"                                     

    DESCRIPTION                  = "Degree of the model field."              

  END_OBJECT               = COLUMN                                          

                                                                             

  OBJECT                   = COLUMN                                          

    NAME                         = "ORDER OF FIELD"                          

    DATA_TYPE                    = ASCII_INTEGER                             

    START_BYTE                   = 79                                         

    BYTES                        = 5                                         

    FORMAT                       = "I5"                                      

    UNIT                         = "N/A"                                      

    DESCRIPTION                  = "Order of the model field."               

  END_OBJECT               = COLUMN                                          

                                                                             

  OBJECT                   = COLUMN                                          

    NAME                         = "NORMALIZATION STATE"                     

    DATA_TYPE                    = ASCII_INTEGER                             

    START_BYTE                   = 85                                        

    BYTES                        = 5                                         

    FORMAT                       = "I5"                                      

    UNIT                         = "N/A"                                     

    DESCRIPTION                  = "The normalization indicator.             

     For gravity field:                                                       

        0   coefficients are unnormalized                                    

        1   coefficients are normalized                                      

        2   other."                                                           

  END_OBJECT               = COLUMN                                          

                                                                             

  OBJECT                   = COLUMN                                          

    NAME                         = "REFERENCE LONGITUDE"                     

    POSITIVE_LONGITUDE_DIRECTION = "EAST"                                    

    DATA_TYPE                    = ASCII_REAL                                

    START_BYTE                   = 91                                        

    BYTES                        = 23                                        

    FORMAT                       = "E23.16"                                  

    UNIT                         = "DEGREE"                                  

    DESCRIPTION                  = "The reference longitude for the          

     spherical harmonic expansion; normally 0."                              

  END_OBJECT               = COLUMN                                           

                                                                             

  OBJECT                   = COLUMN                                          

    NAME                         = "REFERENCE LATITUDE"                       

    DATA_TYPE                    = ASCII_REAL                                

    START_BYTE                   = 115                                       

    BYTES                        = 23                                        

    FORMAT                       = "E23.16"                                  

    UNIT                         = "DEGREE"                                  

    DESCRIPTION                  = "The reference latitude for the           

     spherical harmonic expansion; normally 0."                              

  END_OBJECT               = COLUMN                                          

                                                                             

END_OBJECT           = SHADR_HEADER_TABLE

 

OBJECT               = SHADR_COEFFICIENTS_TABLE                              

  ROWS                     = 4183                                            

  COLUMNS                  = 6                                               

  ROW_BYTES                = 107                                             

  ROW_SUFFIX_BYTES         = 15                                              

  INTERCHANGE_FORMAT       = ASCII                                           

  DESCRIPTION              = "The SHADR coefficients table contains          

   the coefficients for the spherical harmonic model. Each row in the        

   table contains the degree index m, the order index n, the                 

   coefficients Cmn and Smn, and the uncertainties in Cmn and Smn.           

   The (delimited) data require 107 ASCII characters; these are              

   followed by a pad of 13 unspecified ASCII characters, an ASCII            

   carriage-return, and an ASCII line-feed."                                 

                                                                             

  OBJECT                   = COLUMN                                          

    NAME                         = "COEFFICIENT DEGREE"                       

    DATA_TYPE                    = ASCII_INTEGER                             

    START_BYTE                   = 1                                         

    BYTES                        = 5                                          

    FORMAT                       = "I5"                                      

    UNIT                         = "N/A"                                     

    DESCRIPTION                  = "The degree index m of the                

    C and S coefficients in this record."                                    

  END_OBJECT               = COLUMN                                          

                                                                             

  OBJECT                   = COLUMN                                          

    NAME                         = "COEFFICIENT ORDER"                       

    DATA_TYPE                    = ASCII_INTEGER                             

    START_BYTE                   = 7                                          

    BYTES                        = 5                                         

    FORMAT                       = "I5"                                      

    UNIT                         = "N/A"                                     

    DESCRIPTION                  = "The order index n of the C and S         

     coefficients in this record."                                           

  END_OBJECT               = COLUMN                                          

                                                                             

  OBJECT                   = COLUMN                                          

    NAME                         = "C"                                       

    DATA_TYPE                    = ASCII_REAL                                

    START_BYTE                   = 13                                        

    BYTES                        = 23                                         

    FORMAT                       = "E23.16"                                  

    UNIT                         = "N/A"                                     

    DESCRIPTION                  = "The coefficient Cmn for this              

     spherical harmonic model."                                              

  END_OBJECT               = COLUMN                                          

                                                                             

  OBJECT                   = COLUMN                                          

    NAME                         = "S"                                       

    DATA_TYPE                    = ASCII_REAL                                

    START_BYTE                   = 37                                        

    BYTES                        = 23                                        

    FORMAT                       = "E23.16"                                  

    UNIT                         = "N/A"                                     

    DESCRIPTION                  = "The coefficient Smn for this             

     spherical harmonic model."                                              

  END_OBJECT               = COLUMN                                          

                                                                             

  OBJECT                   = COLUMN                                          

    NAME                         = "C UNCERTAINTY"                           

    DATA_TYPE                    = ASCII_REAL                                

    START_BYTE                   = 61                                        

    BYTES                        = 23                                        

    FORMAT                       = "E23.16"                                  

    UNIT                         = "N/A"                                     

    DESCRIPTION                  = "The uncertainty in the coefficient       

     Cmn for this spherical harmonic model."                                 

  END_OBJECT               = COLUMN                                          

                                                                              

  OBJECT                   = COLUMN                                          

    NAME                         = "S UNCERTAINTY"                           

    DATA_TYPE                    = ASCII_REAL                                 

    START_BYTE                   = 85                                        

    BYTES                        = 23                                        

    FORMAT                       = "E23.16"                                  

    UNIT                         = "N/A"                                     

    DESCRIPTION                  = "The uncertainty in the coefficient       

     Smn for this spherical harmonic model."                                 

  END_OBJECT               = COLUMN                                          

                                                                             

END_OBJECT           = SHADR_COEFFICIENTS_TABLE                              

                                                                              

END